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Electronic configuration of the elements

GretchenTheme

    We all enjoy music of some sort. Some people like classical music, others like jazz or country. Music styles change from one period of time to the next, and from one region to another. Each type of music has its language that describes it. Classical music has a certain structure, style, and content.

    There are different expressions of classical music – the symphony, concerto, and sonata. We have ballet and opera as well as choral music. Jazz has a different set of characteristics from classical and different styles of performance. Each type of music can be described and compared to other types on the basis of certain common qualities like notes, chords, and melodic styles.

    The elements in the periodic table could be considered to be similar to types of music. Each set of elements has its unique set of properties, with different sets of elements having some common characteristics in terms of electron arrangements. We can see patterns of electronic structure and reactivity in the periodic table that allow us to understand better the behaviour of individual elements.

21.Listening activity    

Watch and listen to the video until 1:47

   

    The number of protons in the atom of an element determines its place in the Periodic Table. The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons. These electrons are arranged in shells or 'energy levels' around the nucleus. The arrangement of electrons determines the chemical properties of an element.
    There are seven horizontal rows of the periodic table, called periods. So, the period number corresponds to the number of shells occupied by the electrons. The group number corresponds to the number of electrons in the outer most shell. The electrons of the outer level are involved in bonding formation. Elements in the same group (column of the periodic table) have similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in the last shell as you can see in the first column in the figure above.

 

22.Group-class exercise. Explore.

The image you have contains all of the electrons for elements 1–20. However, the periodic table contains electrons only for the elements at the beginning and end of each period.
Discuss the arrangement of electrons with your partner before giving an answer.
Fill in the electrons for the other atoms while your teacher read some useful clues.

23.Conclusions.

Using the table you have just completed, fill the gaps in the "test 23".

24.Pair-work. Ordering question.

Watch and listen to the video on about atomic structure.

And then, do the "test 24" ordering the concepts.

This is the end of the item 3. We shall now continue with the plenary discussion.

Go back to the plan unit and start item 4

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