THE TRANSCRIPT
This is a blood film and it's always wise to avoid either end of a blood film because the cells are very sparse here right clustered together here so it's always good to go somewhere in the middle so as we zoom in a bit we can start to see the detail of the cells here and there are lots of cells that are pale pink these are the red blood cells they look paler in the centre because the red blood cell is a biconcave disk and this is to allow them to flow through the smaller vessels and capillaries they need to kind of fold over on themselves a little bit to fit through so these biconcave disks are in terms of their morphology if we were to look at those closer there's no detail that can be seen in here these cells just carry haemoglobin there's no nucleus there's no organelles present okay which accounts for their sort of gland sort of appearance here that's the red blood cells which make up the biggest cell number in amongst the red blood cells which are the most numerous cells I've been Bloods we can see some little dots which just look like bits of rubbish or extra bits but these are platelets and these are chips of cells which are in the bone marrow these cells are called megakaryocytes and platelets are simply and portions of these cells that move throughout the blood and have organelles with no nucleus present and these are not active in the normal situation within the blood but are able to become activated and clot when the blood is breached or in the case of thrombus formation in a vessel a thrombus is a blood clot that's formed within a vessel and this happens when the blood is exposed to tissue components such as when the endothelium of a blood vessel is breached if we have a look at the white blood cells these are the ones that'll appear purple on the stain let's have a look at a few of them there are two types of white blood cell one is called the granular sight series and these are comprised of neutrophils basophils and eosinophils and there are a granular sites which have no grundles in their cytoplasm and they are lymphocytes on monocytes and rather unusually unluckily we have in this field of view all five of those cell types white blood cells make up only about 1% of the population of blood cells and you can see that here represented so there's lots and lots of red blood cells but only very few white blood cells so if we have a look at the most numerous cell type in the granulocytes series first these are the neutrophils and neutrophils are sometimes called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or pmns that's because the nucleus has several different lobes to it answer is: is a multiple shaped nucleus or polymorph that's one that's another one and there's one over here and one over here as well they don't immediately look like they've got granules in their cytoplasm although if you look up the cytoplasm it does look a little bit granular and that's because the granules in there are neutrally staining they don't stain very positively with either the haematoxylin or eosin component of the stain and so they're neutral roundels hence the name neutral neutrals are most heavily involved in acute inflammation the other granular site we can see here is another cell with a low nucleus in this case the purple is the nucleus you can see one lobe here and a bit of a connecting bit and another lobe over here and this is an eosinophil and it has very dense pink dark pink staining granules in the cytoplasm and those pink granules are called eosinophils because they're the ESN part of the H&E; dye is attracted to them giving them a very dark pink granular staining and these cells are involved in parasitic infections and also involved in allergic reactions as well if we have a look at the final and white blood cell and this one is a beta fill and in this case there are very few of these in the blood this is only about 1% of white blood cells that are basophils and this one is potable as a basic rule because it's got so many granules that the nucleus is completely obscured the nucleus in this cell would be a lobed nucleus also but it has in this case large purple granules that stay in the same color as the nucleus basophils are called basophils because they attract the same bit of the dye as the nucleus which is hematoxylin which is a basic basic dye so they're called basophils when I look at the last two cell types the agranulocytes which as the name suggests have no granules in this case we have the most common one which is a lymphocyte you can see here a lymphocyte is a small cell if you look at these are the ones they're a great deal bigger than a red blood cell whereas the lymphocyte isn't really that much bigger than a red blood cell and it's quite notable that because of its nucleus takes up almost the entire cytoplasm and it's just got a small rim or Crescent of cytoplasm visible that's how you identify early lymphocyte and these are involved in immune reactions there are many different types of lymphocytes but we can't tell just by looking at them which is which and the final cell type we have is the monocyte it's quite a large cell and has a pale cytoplasm because there are no granules here and it has a nucleus that is the shape of a kidney bean and that is a monocyte and monocytes are also involved in fighting infection these are in small numbers in the blood you find monocytes in tissue and once the monocytes leave the blood they're called macrophages and you find any greater numbers in the tissue as macrophages monocytes in the blood so in summary the blood film that we're looking at here contains mostly red blood cells with a small number of white blood cells which are split into two groups those with granules neutrophils eosinophils and basophils and ones with no granules lymphocytes and monocytes and platelets as well okay it's removing afterthought favourite.
<p> <a data-flickr-embed="true" data-context="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/patgaines/14889820639/in/photolist-oFLdVv-phxZJ4-UG5Cex-XfZHGd-fcStLr-9JmL5U-S82sVy-eGq8J3-3njTe1-ei73QT-bvJzKs-GWY1ts-dehTpY-5ssLfo-cN9jzQ-9fV8cA-j4iEyd-9uuiiL-d6W7rC-8QYufp-k9mUq-4P5PSx-GmtXqU-Xp9htN-5tAUnx-aD6qiy-6riGEa-a2Du22-j73gdV-65hJGu-b5g4LM-9WXNu1-bzFSJf-qaTinC-o8jpKr-ZTt8Su-ao19iz-fGnwDq-oykUKR-5CmqeK-7TK3dJ-jaqdg-4Dxozs-cacDMo-8LXSwN-qevT2T-98pBDh-Qz78zD-JCKdcN-8Gzzgh" title="Blood"><img src="https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3921/14889820639_328ac23748_n.jpg" width="320" height="213" alt="Blood"></a></p>